See existential on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existential crisis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existential instantiation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existentialism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existentialist"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existentialistic"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existentialize"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existentially"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existential nihilism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existential quantifier"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existential risk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonexistential"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "singular existential statement"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro"
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"name": "dercat"
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{
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"name": "langname"
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"2": "ine",
"3": "h₁éǵʰs"
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentialis",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
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"name": "lg"
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{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos1": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin existentia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "existēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin existēns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "lg"
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{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
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"name": "lg"
},
{
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"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand (up)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "feminine",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "abstract noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis, exsistentialis (“coming into or relating to existence”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action). Existentialis, exsistentialis are derived from Late Latin existentia, exsistentia (“existence”) + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); and existentia, exsistentia from Latin existēns, exsistēns (“being, existing; appearing, emerging; becoming”) (the present active participle of existō, exsistō (“to be, exist; to appear, emerge; to become”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set; to halt, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more existential",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most existential",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "existential (comparative more existential, superlative most existential)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ex",
"is",
"tent",
"i",
"al"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "aseity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "existent"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonexistential"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "en:Logic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "en:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
120,
131
]
],
"ref": "1656, [attributed to Philip King], The Surfeit. To A B C, London: […] Edw[ard] Dod […], →OCLC, §. 4, page 33:",
"text": "The third univerſal is appetite; every perfect and imperfect living creature acquires ſuſtenance to eate and drink. For exiſtential or ſenſual, I grant many, that there is a Sun that ſhineth, that the fire heateth, &c. yet a blind man and the Paralytick denies both.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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62,
73
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"ref": "1818, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Essay II”, in The Friend: A Series of Essays, […] to Aid in the Formation of Fixed Principles in Politics, Morals, and Religion, with Literary Amusements Interspersed. […], new edition, volume III, London: […] [S. Curtis] for Rest Fenner, […], →OCLC, footnote, pages 96–97:",
"text": "[T]he essential cause of fiendish guilt, when it makes itself existential and peripheric— […] I find the only explanation of a moral phænomenon not very uncommon in the last moments of condemned felons—viz. the obstinate denial, not of the main guilt, which might be accounted for by ordinary motives, but of some particular act, which had been proved beyond all possibility of doubt, and attested by the criminal's own accomplices and fellow-sufferers in their last confessions: […]",
"type": "quotation"
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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162,
173
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"ref": "2014 March 3, Benedict Carey, “LSD, reconsidered for therapy”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 Aug 2025:",
"text": "Most of the subjects had terminal cancer, and several died within a year after the trial—but not before having a mental adventure that appeared to have eased the existential gloom of their last days.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existence."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-adj-amDVZDO8",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
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"relating",
"relate"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existence."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonexistential"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"kind": "other",
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],
"examples": [
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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3,
14
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"tags": [
"collocation"
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"text": "an existential risk or threat",
"type": "example"
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{
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43,
54
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[
200,
211
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"ref": "1977, Joan E. Sieber, “Development of the Concept of Anxiety”, in Joan E. Sieber; Harold F. O’Neil, Jr.; Sigmund Tobias, Anxiety, Learning, and Instruction, New York, N.Y.; Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, published 2009, →DOI, →ISBN:",
"text": "[Karl] Jaspers' main concern has been with existential dread, which he regards not as a symptom of mental illness, but as a result of rejecting religious faith. He proposes that man's only way out of existential dread is through a \"leap into faith\" which reconciles man with himself and with God, and provides an experience of the absolute which transcends mere sense experience.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
125
]
],
"ref": "2015, J[ames] A. Eaton [et al.], “Trade-driven Extinctions and Near-extinctions of Avian Taxa in Sundaic Indonesia”, in Forktail: Journal of Asian Ornithology, volume 31, Bedford, Bedfordshire: Oriental Bird Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 1:",
"text": "Here, therefore, we seek to assemble and assess the evidence to provide an overview of how serious trade is as an existential threat to avian taxa in Sundaic Indonesia.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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149,
160
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"ref": "2021 December 13, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Dec 2021:",
"text": "To [Elon] Musk, his vast fortune is a mere side effect of his ability not just to see but to do things others cannot, in arenas where the stakes are existential.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-adj-en:evading_extinction",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
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"philosophy",
"philosophy"
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[
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"relate"
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"existence"
],
[
"Concerning",
"concern#Verb"
],
[
"with regard to",
"with regard to"
],
[
"evading",
"evade"
],
[
"extinction",
"extinction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction."
],
"senseid": [
"en:evading extinction"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 76 7 4 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 76 7 4 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction",
"word": "olemassaoloa koskeva"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonexistential"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "en:Logic",
"parents": [],
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"orig": "en:Philosophy",
"parents": [],
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334,
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"ref": "1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 4:",
"text": "In recent books on logic, distinction is made between two orders of inquiry concerning anything. First, what is the nature of it? how did it come about? what is its constitution, origin, and history? And second, What is its importance, meaning, or significance, now that it is once here? The answer to the one question is given in an existential judgment or proposition. The answer to the other is a proposition of value, what the Germans call a Werthurtheil, or what we may, if we like, denominate a spiritual judgment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-adj-rMAS2795",
"links": [
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"logic",
"logic"
],
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"philosophy",
"philosophy"
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"existence"
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"assertion"
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[
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"assume"
],
[
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"suggest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 7 78 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 7 78 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something",
"word": "olemassaolon olettava"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonmetaphysical"
},
{
"word": "nonphenomenal"
},
{
"word": "noumenal"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "en:Logic",
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"ref": "1967, Thomas [Louis] Hanna, “Albert Camus: Man in Revolt”, in George Alfred Schrader, Jr., editor, Existential Philosophers: Kierkegaard to Merleau-Ponty, New York, N.Y.; St. Louis, Mo.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, →OCLC, page 356:",
"text": "Some existential thinkers are concerned with artistic expression only indirectly, that is, they are passionately interested critics and analysts of art works.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existentialism (“a philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices”)."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-adj-kJhHtqJ-",
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"existentialism",
"existentialism#English"
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[
"philosophical",
"philosophical"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"emphasizing",
"emphasize"
],
[
"uniqueness",
"uniqueness"
],
[
"human",
"human#Adjective"
],
[
"freely",
"freely"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"self",
"self#Noun"
],
[
"defining",
"defining#Adjective"
],
[
"choices",
"choice#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existentialism (“a philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices”)."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "存在主義的 /存在主义的"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistentialistinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yparxistikós",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "υπαρξιστικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistensiil"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "existencialistický"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 47 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "existencialista"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to part of a clause that indicates existence (for example, there is)."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-adj-nZCcq2Xk",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#Noun"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Relating to part of a clause that indicates existence (for example, there is)."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 8 51",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to part of a clause that indicates existence",
"word": "olemassaoloa ilmaiseva"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 8 51",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to part of a clause that indicates existence",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 14 14 8 51",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to part of a clause that indicates existence",
"word": "existencial"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛn(t)ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛksɪ-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-existential.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnʃəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "wujūdiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "وُجُودِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ekzistencyjálʹny",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "экзістэнцыя́льны"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ekzistenciálen",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "екзистенциа́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "cúnzàixìng",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "存在性"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "有關存在的 /有关存在的"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existenciální"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existenční"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existentieel"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "ekzista"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "olemassaoloa koskeva"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existentiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "egzisṭencialuri",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "ეგზისტენციალური"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existentiell"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yparxiakós",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "υπαρξιακός"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "קיומי"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistensiil"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "esistenziale"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"alt": "じつぞんてきな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jitsuzonteki na",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "実存的な"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"alt": "實存的",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "siljonjeok",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "실존적"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "egzistencijálen",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "егзистенција́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eżistenzjali"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "egzystencjalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existențial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ekzistɛnciálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "экзистенциа́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "е̏гзистенција̄лан"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ȅgzistencijālan"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existenčný"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistencialen"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "varoluşsal"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "egzistansiyel"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 31 31 3 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "ekzystenciálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "екзистенціа́льний"
}
],
"word": "existential"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "h₁éǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentialis",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos1": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin existentia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "existēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin existēns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand (up)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "feminine",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "abstract noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis, exsistentialis (“coming into or relating to existence”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action). Existentialis, exsistentialis are derived from Late Latin existentia, exsistentia (“existence”) + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); and existentia, exsistentia from Latin existēns, exsistēns (“being, existing; appearing, emerging; becoming”) (the present active participle of existō, exsistō (“to be, exist; to appear, emerge; to become”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set; to halt, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "existentials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "existential (plural existentials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ex",
"is",
"tent",
"i",
"al"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a clause that indicates the existence of something",
"word": "existential clause"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
207,
219
],
[
366,
378
]
],
"ref": "2014, Tuomas Huumo, Liina Lindström, “Partitives across Constructions: On the Range of Uses of the Finnish and Estonian ‘Partitive Subjects’”, in Silvia Luraghi, Tuomas Huumo, editors, Partitive Cases and Related Categories (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology), Berlin; Boston, Mass.: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Uralic Languages), abstract, page 153:",
"text": "In classical accounts of Finnish and Estonian grammar, the possibility of using the so-called partitive subject has been one definitional criterion for the category of existential clauses. […] We argue that existentials form a radial category, with a prototype and less canonical instances, where the prototype is clearly definable but the actual borderline between existentials and other clause types is fuzzy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of existential clause (“a clause that indicates the existence of something”)."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-noun-eYyZVr00",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"existential clause",
"existential clause#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#Noun"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Ellipsis of existential clause (“a clause that indicates the existence of something”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”)",
"word": "existential type"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Programming",
"orig": "en:Programming",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
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},
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},
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],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "generic"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of existential type (“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”)."
],
"id": "en-existential-en-noun-NPFTBbg6",
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"existential type",
"existential type#English"
],
[
"type system",
"type system"
],
[
"type",
"type#Noun"
],
[
"hides",
"hide#Verb"
],
[
"underlying",
"underlying#Adjective"
],
[
"concrete",
"concrete#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming) Ellipsis of existential type (“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-existential.wav",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛn(t)ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛksɪ-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnʃəl"
}
],
"word": "existential"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Late Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁éǵʰs",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnʃəl/4 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "existential crisis"
},
{
"word": "existential instantiation"
},
{
"word": "existentialism"
},
{
"word": "existentialist"
},
{
"word": "existentialistic"
},
{
"word": "existentialize"
},
{
"word": "existentially"
},
{
"word": "existential nihilism"
},
{
"word": "existential quantifier"
},
{
"word": "existential risk"
},
{
"word": "nonexistential"
},
{
"word": "singular existential statement"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "h₁éǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentialis",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos1": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin existentia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "existēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin existēns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand (up)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "feminine",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "abstract noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis, exsistentialis (“coming into or relating to existence”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action). Existentialis, exsistentialis are derived from Late Latin existentia, exsistentia (“existence”) + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); and existentia, exsistentia from Latin existēns, exsistēns (“being, existing; appearing, emerging; becoming”) (the present active participle of existō, exsistō (“to be, exist; to appear, emerge; to become”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set; to halt, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more existential",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most existential",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "existential (comparative more existential, superlative most existential)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ex",
"is",
"tent",
"i",
"al"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "aseity"
},
{
"word": "exist"
},
{
"word": "existence"
},
{
"word": "existent"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonexistential"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Logic",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
120,
131
]
],
"ref": "1656, [attributed to Philip King], The Surfeit. To A B C, London: […] Edw[ard] Dod […], →OCLC, §. 4, page 33:",
"text": "The third univerſal is appetite; every perfect and imperfect living creature acquires ſuſtenance to eate and drink. For exiſtential or ſenſual, I grant many, that there is a Sun that ſhineth, that the fire heateth, &c. yet a blind man and the Paralytick denies both.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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62,
73
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],
"ref": "1818, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Essay II”, in The Friend: A Series of Essays, […] to Aid in the Formation of Fixed Principles in Politics, Morals, and Religion, with Literary Amusements Interspersed. […], new edition, volume III, London: […] [S. Curtis] for Rest Fenner, […], →OCLC, footnote, pages 96–97:",
"text": "[T]he essential cause of fiendish guilt, when it makes itself existential and peripheric— […] I find the only explanation of a moral phænomenon not very uncommon in the last moments of condemned felons—viz. the obstinate denial, not of the main guilt, which might be accounted for by ordinary motives, but of some particular act, which had been proved beyond all possibility of doubt, and attested by the criminal's own accomplices and fellow-sufferers in their last confessions: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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162,
173
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],
"ref": "2014 March 3, Benedict Carey, “LSD, reconsidered for therapy”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 24 Aug 2025:",
"text": "Most of the subjects had terminal cancer, and several died within a year after the trial—but not before having a mental adventure that appeared to have eased the existential gloom of their last days.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existence."
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"relating",
"relate"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existence."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonexistential"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Logic",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
14
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "an existential risk or threat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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43,
54
],
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200,
211
]
],
"ref": "1977, Joan E. Sieber, “Development of the Concept of Anxiety”, in Joan E. Sieber; Harold F. O’Neil, Jr.; Sigmund Tobias, Anxiety, Learning, and Instruction, New York, N.Y.; Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, published 2009, →DOI, →ISBN:",
"text": "[Karl] Jaspers' main concern has been with existential dread, which he regards not as a symptom of mental illness, but as a result of rejecting religious faith. He proposes that man's only way out of existential dread is through a \"leap into faith\" which reconciles man with himself and with God, and provides an experience of the absolute which transcends mere sense experience.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
125
]
],
"ref": "2015, J[ames] A. Eaton [et al.], “Trade-driven Extinctions and Near-extinctions of Avian Taxa in Sundaic Indonesia”, in Forktail: Journal of Asian Ornithology, volume 31, Bedford, Bedfordshire: Oriental Bird Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1, column 1:",
"text": "Here, therefore, we seek to assemble and assess the evidence to provide an overview of how serious trade is as an existential threat to avian taxa in Sundaic Indonesia.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
149,
160
]
],
"ref": "2021 December 13, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 13 Dec 2021:",
"text": "To [Elon] Musk, his vast fortune is a mere side effect of his ability not just to see but to do things others cannot, in arenas where the stakes are existential.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction."
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"relating",
"relate"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"Concerning",
"concern#Verb"
],
[
"with regard to",
"with regard to"
],
[
"evading",
"evade"
],
[
"extinction",
"extinction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction."
],
"senseid": [
"en:evading extinction"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonexistential"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Logic",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
334,
345
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],
"ref": "1902, William James, “Lecture I”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 4:",
"text": "In recent books on logic, distinction is made between two orders of inquiry concerning anything. First, what is the nature of it? how did it come about? what is its constitution, origin, and history? And second, What is its importance, meaning, or significance, now that it is once here? The answer to the one question is given in an existential judgment or proposition. The answer to the other is a proposition of value, what the Germans call a Werthurtheil, or what we may, if we like, denominate a spiritual judgment.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something."
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"relating",
"relate"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
],
[
"assuming",
"assume"
],
[
"suggest",
"suggest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existence.",
"Of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nonmetaphysical"
},
{
"word": "nonphenomenal"
},
{
"word": "noumenal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Logic",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
16
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],
"ref": "1967, Thomas [Louis] Hanna, “Albert Camus: Man in Revolt”, in George Alfred Schrader, Jr., editor, Existential Philosophers: Kierkegaard to Merleau-Ponty, New York, N.Y.; St. Louis, Mo.: McGraw-Hill Book Company, →OCLC, page 356:",
"text": "Some existential thinkers are concerned with artistic expression only indirectly, that is, they are passionately interested critics and analysts of art works.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to existentialism (“a philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices”)."
],
"links": [
[
"logic",
"logic"
],
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"existentialism",
"existentialism#English"
],
[
"philosophical",
"philosophical"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"emphasizing",
"emphasize"
],
[
"uniqueness",
"uniqueness"
],
[
"human",
"human#Adjective"
],
[
"freely",
"freely"
],
[
"making",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"self",
"self#Noun"
],
[
"defining",
"defining#Adjective"
],
[
"choices",
"choice#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly logic, philosophy)",
"Of or relating to existentialism (“a philosophical movement emphasizing the uniqueness of each human existence in freely making its self-defining choices”)."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"logic",
"mathematics",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"Relating to part of a clause that indicates existence (for example, there is)."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#Noun"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Relating to part of a clause that indicates existence (for example, there is)."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-existential.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-existential.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-existential.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛn(t)ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛksɪ-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-existential.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnʃəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "wujūdiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "وُجُودِيّ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ekzistencyjálʹny",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "экзістэнцыя́льны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "ekzistenciálen",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "екзистенциа́лен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "cúnzàixìng",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "存在性"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "有關存在的 /有关存在的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existenciální"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existenční"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existentieel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "ekzista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "olemassaoloa koskeva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existentiel"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "egzisṭencialuri",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "ეგზისტენციალური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existentiell"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yparxiakós",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "υπαρξιακός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "קיומי"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistensiil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "esistenziale"
},
{
"alt": "じつぞんてきな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "jitsuzonteki na",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "実存的な"
},
{
"alt": "實存的",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "siljonjeok",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "실존적"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "egzistencijálen",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "егзистенција́лен"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eżistenzjali"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "egzystencjalny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existențial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ekzistɛnciálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "экзистенциа́льный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "е̏гзистенција̄лан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ȅgzistencijālan"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existenčný"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "eksistencialen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "existencial"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "varoluşsal"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "egzistansiyel"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "ekzystenciálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to existence",
"word": "екзистенціа́льний"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "concerning the very existence of something, especially with regard to evading extinction",
"word": "olemassaoloa koskeva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of an assertion, etc.: assuming or suggesting the existence of something",
"word": "olemassaolon olettava"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "存在主義的 /存在主义的"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistentialistinen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yparxistikós",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "υπαρξιστικός"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistensiil"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "eksistensial"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "existencialistický"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "of or relating to existentialism",
"word": "existencialista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to part of a clause that indicates existence",
"word": "olemassaoloa ilmaiseva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "relating to part of a clause that indicates existence",
"word": "eksistentiaalinen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "relating to part of a clause that indicates existence",
"word": "existencial"
}
],
"word": "existential"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Late Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁éǵʰs",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛnʃəl/4 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine",
"3": "h₁éǵʰs"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"4": "*h₂el-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentialis",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-al",
"pos1": "suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action"
},
"expansion": "-al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action)",
"name": "affix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "existentia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin existentia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
},
"expansion": "Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "existēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin existēns",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "present"
},
"expansion": "present",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "active"
},
"expansion": "active",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-",
"t": "to stand (up)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "feminine"
},
"expansion": "feminine",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "abstract noun",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "lg"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The adjective is a learned borrowing from Late Latin existentialis, exsistentialis (“coming into or relating to existence”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming nouns of verbal action). Existentialis, exsistentialis are derived from Late Latin existentia, exsistentia (“existence”) + Latin -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); and existentia, exsistentia from Latin existēns, exsistēns (“being, existing; appearing, emerging; becoming”) (the present active participle of existō, exsistō (“to be, exist; to appear, emerge; to become”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set; to halt, stop”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”))) + -ia (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "existentials",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "existential (plural existentials)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ex",
"is",
"tent",
"i",
"al"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a clause that indicates the existence of something",
"word": "existential clause"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
207,
219
],
[
366,
378
]
],
"ref": "2014, Tuomas Huumo, Liina Lindström, “Partitives across Constructions: On the Range of Uses of the Finnish and Estonian ‘Partitive Subjects’”, in Silvia Luraghi, Tuomas Huumo, editors, Partitive Cases and Related Categories (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology), Berlin; Boston, Mass.: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Uralic Languages), abstract, page 153:",
"text": "In classical accounts of Finnish and Estonian grammar, the possibility of using the so-called partitive subject has been one definitional criterion for the category of existential clauses. […] We argue that existentials form a radial category, with a prototype and less canonical instances, where the prototype is clearly definable but the actual borderline between existentials and other clause types is fuzzy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of existential clause (“a clause that indicates the existence of something”)."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"existential clause",
"existential clause#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#Noun"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) Ellipsis of existential clause (“a clause that indicates the existence of something”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”)",
"word": "existential type"
}
],
"categories": [
"English ellipses",
"en:Programming"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "generic"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Ellipsis of existential type (“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”)."
],
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"existential type",
"existential type#English"
],
[
"type system",
"type system"
],
[
"type",
"type#Noun"
],
[
"hides",
"hide#Verb"
],
[
"underlying",
"underlying#Adjective"
],
[
"concrete",
"concrete#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming) Ellipsis of existential type (“in a type system: a type that hides the underlying concrete type(s)”)."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃl̩/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-existential.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-existential.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-existential.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-existential.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-existential.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛn(t)ʃəl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɛksɪ-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-existential.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-existential.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-existential.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-existential.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Naomi_Persephone_Amethyst_%28NaomiAmethyst%29-existential.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛnʃəl"
}
],
"word": "existential"
}
Download raw JSONL data for existential meaning in All languages combined (31.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Of or relating to existence.'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"existential"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "existential",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (a0f6d7f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.